瀝青是石油工業(yè)的副產(chǎn)品，卻是公路建設(shè)的“主角”。它并非簡(jiǎn)單的黑色液體，而是一種高黏度、具有顯著粘彈性的有機(jī)膠凝材料。正是這種介于固體與液體之間的獨(dú)特性質(zhì)，賦予了瀝青路面“剛?cè)岵?jì)”的品格：既能作為膠粘劑將碎石牢固鎖住，又能在重壓下緩慢變形消散應(yīng)力，從而成為現(xiàn)代高等級(jí)公路不可替代的“靈魂材料”。

Asphalt is a byproduct of the petroleum industry, but it is the "protagonist" of highway construction. It is not a simple black liquid, but an organic cementitious material with high viscosity and significant viscoelasticity. It is precisely this unique property between solid and liquid that endows asphalt pavement with a "combination of rigidity and flexibility": it can serve as an adhesive to firmly lock crushed stones, and can slowly deform and dissipate stress under heavy pressure, thus becoming an irreplaceable "soul material" for modern high-grade highways.

一、使用范圍：基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)無(wú)處不在

1、 Scope of use: Infrastructure is everywhere

瀝青的用途優(yōu)于想象。道路工程是絕對(duì)核心，占全球總量的80%以上。無(wú)論是瀝青混凝土路面，還是透層、粘層、封層，都離不開(kāi)瀝青。此外，它還是建筑防水（屋面卷材、地下防潮）、水利防滲（大壩心墻）、防腐工程（管道涂層）以及炭素制品（電出彩粘結(jié)劑）的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)材料。

The use of asphalt is far beyond imagination. Road engineering is the absolute core, accounting for over 80% of the global total. Whether it is asphalt concrete pavement, prime coat, adhesive layer, or seal coat, asphalt is indispensable. In addition, it is also a key foundational material for building waterproofing (roofing rolls, underground moisture prevention), water conservancy anti-seepage (dam core walls), anti-corrosion engineering (pipeline coatings), and carbon products (electrode binders).

二、核心優(yōu)勢(shì)：防水防腐與粘彈性

2、 Core advantages: Waterproof, anti-corrosion, and viscoelastic properties

防水與防腐：瀝青不溶于水且化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，具有天然的防水、防銹、防腐能力。這使得無(wú)論是暴露在風(fēng)雨中的路面，還是埋在地下的管道，大多能依靠瀝青涂層獲得長(zhǎng)久保護(hù)。

Waterproof and anti-corrosion: Asphalt is insoluble in water and chemically stable, with natural waterproof, rust proof, and anti-corrosion capabilities. This enables both road surfaces exposed to wind and rain and buried pipelines to rely on asphalt coatings for long-term protection.

出眾的粘結(jié)與自愈：瀝青與砂石材料具有出眾的親和力。它能形成薄膜包裹礦料，依靠粘結(jié)力提供路面強(qiáng)度。同時(shí)，由于其粘彈性，路面在荷載下產(chǎn)生的微小裂縫在一定條件下具有“自愈”能力（尤其在高溫期），這是水泥混凝土難以企及的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Excellent adhesion and self-healing: Asphalt and sandstone materials have a strong affinity. It can form a thin film to wrap around mineral materials and provide road strength through adhesive force. Meanwhile, due to its viscoelasticity, the tiny cracks generated on the road surface under load have the ability to "self heal" under certain conditions (especially during high temperature periods), which is an advantage that cement concrete cannot match.

三、瀝青分類與選擇

3、 Classification and selection of asphalt

根據(jù)來(lái)源，瀝青分為石油瀝青、天然瀝青和煤焦瀝青。道路工程優(yōu)選石油瀝青。石油瀝青按針入度分級(jí)（如70號(hào)、90號(hào)），或按PG性能分級(jí)以適應(yīng)不同氣候區(qū)。近年來(lái)，為了應(yīng)對(duì)出彩端氣候，改性瀝青已成主流。例如在深中通道海底隧道鋪裝中，采用的特種改性瀝青需確保在高溫下不流淌、低溫下不開(kāi)裂，兼顧了隧道內(nèi)特殊的防火與行車需求。

According to the source, asphalt is divided into petroleum asphalt, natural asphalt, and coal tar asphalt. Petroleum asphalt is the preferred choice for road engineering. Petroleum asphalt is classified according to penetration degree (such as 70, 90), or according to PG performance to adapt to different climate zones. In recent years, modified asphalt has become mainstream in response to extreme weather conditions. For example, in the paving of the underwater tunnel in the deep middle passage, the special modified asphalt used needs to ensure that it does not flow at high temperatures and does not crack at low temperatures, taking into account the special fire prevention and driving needs inside the tunnel.